Connective intelligence
Connective intelligence tries to come to grips with the fact that when dealing with cities as complex systems, we are confronted with irreducible uncertainty, which we need to embrace.
We cannot solve those problems with past or present methods, so we need to change the paradigm, seek new methods together in networks with others and with technology and explore what is possible.
Principles of Connective Intelligence (CI)
Networked Interactions
CI emerges from synergies between people, AI, infrastructure, and ecosystems (e.g., smart cities where traffic data, citizen feedback, and sensors co-regulate flows).
Example: Wikipedia’s self-correcting knowledge base relies on human-AI collaboration.
Decentralized Coordination
No central "controller"; intelligence arises from local interactions (like neurons in a brain or ants in a colony).
Example: Blockchain systems use distributed nodes to reach consensus.
Adaptive Feedback Loops
Systems learn and self-correct through real-time feedback (e.g., adaptive traffic lights that respond to congestion patterns).
Human-Technology Symbiosis
CI leverages tools like AI, IoT, and crowdsourcing platforms to amplify human capabilities.
Example: Disaster response systems that combine satellite data, social media reports, and on-ground volunteers.
Applications of Connective Intelligence
Smart Cities
Urban systems (transport, energy grids) that "learn" from citizen behavior and environmental sensors (e.g., Barcelona’s superblocks reduce pollution through data-driven redesign).
Organizational Design
Companies like Google use CI principles by fostering open innovation networks across teams and AI tools.
Ecological Resilience
CI frameworks help model climate adaptation by linking satellite data, local knowledge, and policy algorithms.
Healthcare
Pandemics response systems that integrate genomic sequencing, travel data, and community reporting (e.g., Taiwan’s COVID-19 containment).
Theoretical Roots
Complexity Theory, e.g., Juval Portugali’s work on self-organizing cities.
Actor-Network Theory, e.g., Bruno Latour’s idea of agency in non-human actors.
Swarm Intelligence, e.g., bird flocking, bee colonies.
Further reading on connective intelligence and connectivism, collective and systems intelligence:
Portugali, J. (ed) 2000. Self-Organization and the City. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer
George Siemens 2005. Connectivism: A Learning Theory for the Digital Age
Bruno Latour 2005. Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory
Myint Swe Khine (Ed.) 2023. New Directions in Rhizomatic Learning